CD4 Count and HIV Viral Load
Definition
CD4 cells are white blood cells that initiate the immune response against viruses and bacteria. CD4 count measures the number of these cells in the blood. The viral load test shows the amount of HIV in the blood.
Purpose
Serves three purposes in a person living with HIV:
1. Monitoring immune status, risk of opportunistic infection and certain cancers 2. Assessing treatment effectiveness, together with the viral load test 3. Determining disease stage, aiding AIDS diagnosis
Results
| CD4 (cells/mm³) | Meaning |
|---|---|
| 500 to 1,200 | Normal range for a healthy adult and adolescent |
| < 500 | Low |
| ≤ 200 | AIDS diagnosis, high risk of serious infection |
| Above normal | May suggest infection or a blood cancer |
With consistent adherence to treatment, CD4 count usually rises; this helps preserve health and prevent progression to AIDS.