Hemoglobin Electrophoresis
Definition
A test that measures the different types of hemoglobin in the blood. An electric current is applied to separate normal and abnormal hemoglobin types from one another, and each is measured individually.
Purpose
Diagnosis of anemia, sickle cell disease and other hemoglobin disorders; identification of abnormal hemoglobin variants.
Importance for Cyprus: In one of the populations with the highest carrier rate of beta thalassemia, hemoglobin electrophoresis is the core test for carrier screening. It is used to distinguish iron deficiency from thalassemia carrier status in a person with a low MCV on a complete blood count.
Results
Shows which hemoglobin types are present and their levels:
| Finding | What it suggests |
|---|---|
| Thalassemia | Normal hemoglobin is produced but not in sufficient amounts; ranges from mild to severe |
| Sickle cell disease | Hard, sticky, sickle-shaped red blood cells; vessel blockage, pain, infection and organ damage |
| Sickle cell trait | Carrier status |
| Hemoglobin C disease | Mild anemia |
| Hemoglobin S-C disease | Mild to moderate sickle cell symptoms |
Normal Values
Laboratory specific, refer to the reference range on your report.
Risks and Limitations
Be sure to mention it if you have had a blood transfusion within the last 12 weeks, as a transfusion affects the result.
Results should be interpreted together with symptoms, medical history and complementary tests such as a complete blood count and peripheral blood smear.