Electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Bicarbonate)
Definition
Minerals that carry an electric charge in body fluids. Those measured in the panel:
| Electrolyte | Role in the body |
|---|---|
| Sodium (Na) | Controls the amount of fluid in the body; keeps nerves and muscles working properly |
| Potassium (K) | Keeps cells, the heart and muscles working properly |
| Chloride (Cl) | Controls the amount of fluid in the body; maintains healthy blood volume and blood pressure |
| Bicarbonate (CO2) | Maintains the body's acid-base balance (pH); plays a role in carrying carbon dioxide in the blood |
Purpose
To detect electrolyte, fluid or pH imbalances. Ordered as part of routine screening or for symptoms suggesting an imbalance: nausea, weakness, irregular heartbeat, fatigue, muscle cramps.
Results
The source gives detail for bicarbonate:
- Low bicarbonate → acidosis (nausea, vomiting, fatigue)
- High bicarbonate → alkalosis (restlessness, muscle twitching, tingling)
Normal Values
Laboratory specific.
Risks and Limitations
Many factors can affect electrolyte levels, including fluid intake, fluid loss and certain medications.