Microalbumin / Creatinine Ratio
Definition
A test that measures the level of the protein albumin in urine and expresses it as a ratio to urine creatinine. In a healthy kidney, at most a trace amount of albumin passes through the filters; if the kidney is damaged, a large amount of albumin passes into the urine.
Purpose
Detection of early kidney damage before symptoms appear; monitoring of function in people with known kidney disease; assessment of treatment effectiveness.
Who and how often: In high-risk people, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, a family history of kidney disease, age over 50, smoking and obesity. It should be done once a year in people with diabetes.
Results
High albumin generally points to early or advanced kidney disease and increased cardiovascular risk.
Normal Values
Laboratory specific, refer to the reference range on your report.
Risks and Limitations
A single high result does not establish a diagnosis. Exercise, fever, inflammation, certain medications and urinary tract infection can temporarily raise albumin; for this reason, a confirmatory test within 3 to 6 months is standard before diagnosis.
Muscle mass, nutrition, age and ethnic background also affect the result.