Potassium (K)
Definition
Potassium is an electrolyte that helps control the amount of fluid and the acid-base balance (pH) in the body. It also governs muscle and nerve activity. It is essential for cells, nerves, the heart and muscles to work properly.
Purpose
As part of routine check-ups; in the monitoring of diabetes, kidney disease or adrenal gland disorders; when using medications that may affect potassium.
Results
Both directions are dangerous:
| High (Hyperkalemia) | Low (Hypokalemia) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Arrhythmia, fatigue, muscle weakness, nausea, numbness/tingling | Irregular heartbeat, muscle cramps and weakness, fatigue, nausea, constipation |
| Causes | Kidney disease, Addison's disease, injury/burns/surgery, uncontrolled Type 1 diabetes, certain medications, high-potassium diet | Side effect of diuretics, fluid loss (diarrhea/vomiting/sweating), laxative overuse, adrenal disorders, kidney disease, alcohol use disorder, low-potassium diet |
Normal Values
Laboratory specific.
Risks and Limitations
A falsely high result occurs very easily; what the patient should know:
Repeatedly clenching and relaxing your fist just before or during your blood test can temporarily raise potassium levels.
In addition, natural licorice consumed within the two weeks before the test can lower the result.