Sodium (Na)
Definition
Sodium is an electrolyte that controls the amount of fluid and the acid-base balance (pH) in the body. It also supports nerve and muscle function.
Purpose
At routine check-ups; when using medications that affect fluid balance; for symptoms suggesting abnormal sodium.
Results
| High (Hypernatremia) | Low (Hyponatremia) | |
|---|---|---|
| Symptoms | Thirst, low urine output, vomiting, diarrhea, confusion, muscle twitching | Weakness, fatigue, confusion, muscle twitching |
| Causes | Dehydration, diuretic medications (water pills), adrenal disorders, kidney disease, diabetes insipidus | Sodium loss through diarrhea/vomiting; conditions causing fluid retention, kidney diseases, liver cirrhosis, heart failure, certain cancers, Addison's disease, certain medications (painkillers, antidepressants) |
Normal Values
Laboratory specific.
Risks and Limitations
Must be evaluated together with other tests for diagnosis. Certain medications, your age, your sex and certain medical conditions can raise or lower your sodium levels.