The sperm DNA fragmentation test (TUNEL test) is an important tool in evaluating male infertility. It specifically measures the extent of DNA damage in sperm cells, which can be a significant factor in infertility. High levels of sperm DNA fragmentation have been associated with lower fertilization rates, poor embryo quality and an increased likelihood of early pregnancy loss, even when IVF/ICSI is used.
The TUNEL test works by detecting breaks in the DNA strands of sperm cells. Unlike standard semen analysis, which evaluates only parameters such as sperm count, motility and morphology, the TUNEL test gives insight into the integrity of the genetic material inside the sperm. Even sperm that look normal under the microscope may carry DNA damage that can affect their ability to fertilize the egg and support embryo development.
The TUNEL test is recommended for
- Couples experiencing recurrent miscarriage
- Cases of unexplained infertility
- Repeated failed IVF attempts
- Severe male factor infertility where conventional tests are normal but infertility persists